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GLP-1 users at risk of nutritional deficiencies, GNC study finds

The results revealed multiple diet deficiencies linked to reduced food consumption and altered habits.

Photo by Diana Polekhina / Unsplash

PITTSBURGH, Pa. — GNC has released the first real-world clinical nutrition study analyzing the dietary patterns of GLP-1 users, shedding light on significant nutritional gaps among those taking the increasingly popular class of weight-loss medications. The study, now accepted for peer-reviewed publication in Frontiers, represents a landmark effort by the global health and wellness retailer to guide future supplement development, clinical guidance, and consumer education.

The research, titled “Investigating Nutrient Intake During Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist: A Cross-Sectional Study,” evaluated the eating habits of 69 individuals on GLP-1 therapy over a three-day period. Participants completed food diaries and surveys, with their intake measured against Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The results revealed multiple diet deficiencies linked to reduced food consumption and altered habits.

“We set out last year to develop a product tailored to the unique needs of GLP-1 users,” said Dr. Brittany Johnson, PHD, RDN, Senior Manager, Scientific Affairs and Principal Investigator. “However, we quickly realized there simply wasn’t enough evidence to inform a formula based on our scientific standards. That’s why our team decided to start at the foundation and understand exactly what nutritional inadequacies exist in this population.”

Key Findings Include:

  • Poor diet quality overall: Participants did not meet USDA MyPlate servings for fruits, vegetables, grains, or dairy and demonstrated overconsumption of calories from fat and saturated fat.
  • Low protein: While total caloric intake from protein was sufficient, the intake per body weight was below recommended levels.
  • Nutrient deficiencies: Significant shortages were noted in the consumption of fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, choline, and vitamins A, C, D, and E.

“Science is the foundation for everything we do at GNC. Recognizing the lack of clinical nutritional research among GLP-1 users, we set out to examine their real-world dietary intake and habits to help understand the true nutritional needs,” said Rachel Jones, MS, RDN, EVP Chief Merchandising & Science Officer.

This study comes amid rising demand for GLP-1 drugs such as semaglutide, as millions turn to them for weight loss and metabolic health. While effective in reducing appetite, the medications can unintentionally lead to undernutrition — a problem GNC is working to solve with evidence-based tools.

“The results of our study provide critical evidence to guide the next generation of support for the growing population of GLP-1 users — whether through education, clinical nutrition advice or dietary supplements,” said Jones.

The study builds on GNC’s 2024 launch of the industry’s first GLP-1 support program — a curated selection of products to help users manage treatment-related side effects. With this latest clinical research, GNC reinforces its role as a scientific leader committed to supporting patient wellness in the rapidly growing weight management space.

The full publication will be available via open access: Frontiers | Investigating Nutrient Intake During Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist: A Cross-Sectional Study.

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